The legal status of artificial intelligence in international and regional legislation

  • Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed Ahmed Department of Engineering Management, Higher Institute of Engineering Technologies, Bani Walid, Bani Walid, Libya
DOI https://doi.org/10.58916/alhaq.v12i1.387
Published: 2025-06-18
تحميل pdf (Arabic)
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9

Abstract

The world is witnessing rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence, posing legal challenges related to liability, data protection, privacy, and intellectual property rights. This study aims to critically analyze relevant international and regional legislation and initiatives, comparing the European experience, which adopts a comprehensive, risk-based approach, and the more flexible, innovation-focused American experience, versus the Arab situation, which is still in the process of formulating strategies without binding legislation. The study relied on a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, examining legal texts, reports from international organizations, and academic literature. The results revealed significant disparities in regulatory approaches, highlighting the need for balanced legal solutions that address common challenges.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence comparative law legal liability data protection AI ethics

How to Cite

Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed Ahmed. (2025). The legal status of artificial intelligence in international and regional legislation. Al-Haq Journal for Sharia and Legal Sciences, 12(1), 598-615. https://doi.org/10.58916/alhaq.v12i1.387
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Issue

v12i12025

Section

Articles

Author Biography

  • Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed Ahmed, Department of Engineering Management, Higher Institute of Engineering Technologies, Bani Walid, Bani Walid, Libya

    Name: Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed

    Nationality: Libyan

    Place and date of birth: Bani Walid, Libya, March 26, 1982

    Marital status: Married

    Phone number: 0923229339

    Phone number: 0918355701

    Email: Mohared548@gmail.com

    Academic qualifications:

    Bachelor of Law, 2006 / Faculty of Law, University of Bani Walid

    Master of Diplomatic Relations, 2010 / Academy of Graduate Studies, Department of International and Strategic Studies

    Position:

    Housing and Facilities Employee, 2003-2018

    Faculty member at the Libyan Center for Engineering Research and Information Technology, from January 1, 2019, as an assistant lecturer, until 2023.

    Currently a faculty member at the Higher Institute of Engineering Technologies, Bani Walid.

    Languages: Arabic (native language)

    English (good reading, good writing, good speaking).

    - Technical Skills

    - Computer Skills and Adaptability to Internet Use

    - Good ability to build constructive social relationships.

    Educational and Technical Courses

    Took a course in Computer Fundamentals in 2004

    Passed Elementary Level in 2007

    Hobbies

    Reading - Sports - Participating in activities

References

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أبو العينين، محمد (2019). قراءة في التشريعات العربية المنظمة للذكاء الاصطناعي: الإمارات نموذجًا. مجلة الشريعة والقانون، 36(2).
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أبو رحاب، محمد جمال عزاز (2025). المسؤولية المدنية الدولية الناشئة عن قرارات الذكاء الاصطناعي: إشكالية الفعل الضار العابر للحدود. مجلة البحوث القانونية والاقتصادية، 37(2)
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بن يوسف، سعاد (2020). أخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي بين الحاجة للتنظيم والتحديات المستقبلية. المجلة الجزائرية للعلوم القانونية والاقتصادية والسياسية، 58(4)
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القطامي، هالة (2020). حماية الخصوصية في مواجهة تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي. مجلة القانون والتكنولوجيا، 6(2)
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عبد اللطيف، سامي (2023). حماية البيانات الشخصية في ظل تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي: دراسة تحليلية في ضوء التشريعات العربية. مجلة جامعة نايف للعلوم الأمنية، 42(3)
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Alanoca, S., Gur-Arieh, S., Zick, T., & Klyman, K. (2025). Comparing Apples to Oranges: A Taxonomy for Navigating the Global Landscape of AI Regulation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.13673.
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Council of Europe. (2024). Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights. Council of Europe Publishing.
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European Parliament & Council of the European Union. (2024).
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Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union, L 168, 1–213

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