Constitutional and legal protection of personal data: A comparative study between the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and some comparative legislation

Abstract

The research examined the constitutional and legal frameworks that guarantee the protection of digital privacy, focusing on balancing the right to privacy with the free flow of information. The study reviewed the legislative philosophy of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as the supreme global standard, and compared it with selected Arab and foreign legislation to demonstrate its compatibility with rapid technological advancements. The analysis focused on oversight mechanisms, individual rights such as the right to be forgotten and the right of access, and the obligations of data processors. The study concluded that constitutional protection remains the primary guarantee, but it requires strict procedural legal texts to deter cyber violations. The research also emphasized the need to unify legislative standards to address the transnational nature of personal data in the digital age.